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i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision ds-NCD1015M-r00a preliminary 1 description the NCD1015M is a module to be used in hdx, no-lead rfid devices for single transponder applications in the area of electronic animal and industrial identification, operating in the low frequency (134.2 khz) range, and supporting iso 11784/85 standards. additionally, it can be used as a read/write hdx module. the NCD1015M contains an asic and 2 in ternal capacitors: one, a resonant capacitor, and the other a storage capacitor. the asic contains 3 memory blocks of 32 bi ts each, based on field programmable, non-volatile eeprom. each block contains 32 data bits (bit 1 ... bit 32). blocks 1 and 2 are referred to as the 64-bit identification data page 1, which is secured by an associated 16-bit crc. block 0 offers t he option to irreversibly lock the rfid device. once the device is locked, it is fully compatible with iso 11784/85 standards. the hdx transponder ic receives write-block requests from the reader as a pulse interval encoded, 100% amplitude modulated data signal. return data transmission from the transponder to the reader utilizes fsk encoded modulation. this is achieved by a serial data stream controlled frequency shift keying (fsk) of the transponder's resonant circuit oscillation with an additional on-chip modulation capacitor between the two transponder terminals hf and gnd. the passive transponder uses the supplied rf signal to obtain the energy needed to send the 64-bit id code to the reader. features ? air interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . no-lead, sequential power & data transmission (hdx) ? radio frequency center frequency . . . . . . 134.2 khz typically ? reader ? tag transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . pulse interval encoding (pie) ~1 to 2kbits/s ? tag ? reader transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . fs k modulation, nrz: ?0? ~134.2khz; ?1? ~124.2khz ? tag ? reader data rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rf/16 (~8kbits/sec) ? on-chip 16-bit crc generator . . . . . . . . . reverse crc-ccitt as used in iso/iec 11785 ? on-chip integrated modulation cap. c 1 . . . 110pf, 20% according to silicon process deviation ? resonance capacitor, c r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470pf, 2%, 50v external smd np0 / c0g capacitor ? storage capacitor, c l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220nf, 5%, 10v capacitor ? identification data page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 bits data + associated 16 bits crc ordering information NCD1015M block diagram part # package NCD1015M no-lead rfid device supporting iso 11784/85 standards v dd hf zap_sel zap gnd c l c r NCD1015M hdx rfid integrated circuit
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M 2 preliminary r00a 1. specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 package pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 pin description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. electrical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1 operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. functional overview and description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1 power transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.2 communication signal interface - tag to reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.2.1 frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.2.2 transponder data rate and data coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.3 communication signal interface - reader to tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.3.1 modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.3.2 reader data rate and data coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.3.3 modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.4 write phase and the programming of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. transmission protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.1 data format definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.1.1 reader command - request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.1.2 transponder - response data format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.2 crc-ccitt error checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6. memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.1 memory block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.1.1 blocks 1 and 2: identification data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.1.2 block 0: management register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7. manufacturing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.1 moisture sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.2 esd sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.3 reflow profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.4 board wash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8. mechanical data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8.1 dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M r00a preliminary 3 1. specifications 1.1 package pinout 1.2 pin description 2. electrical data 2.1 operating conditions 2.2 electrical specifications unless otherwise specified, minimum and maximum values are guaranteed by production testing or design. typical values are characteristic of the device at 25c, and are the result of engineering evaluations. they are provided for informational purposes only and are not guaranteed by production testing. bottom vie w hf v dd gnd zap zap_sel pin name description v dd voltage supply gnd ground hf oscillating signal zap_sel clock for the trimming zap voltage for the trimming parameter minimum maximum unit operating temperature, t a -25 +70 ? c storage temperature, t stg -40 +100 ? c parameter conditions minimum typical maximum unit hf limiter current v hf =5v --4 ? a hf maximum voltage i hf =10ma --12v quiescent current consumption v dd =5.5v --5 ? a default hf capacitor - - 580 - pf modulation capacitor - - 110 - pf endurance - 100 - - khz data retention - 10 - - years
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M 4 preliminary r00a 3. application information NCD1015M is designed to be used in a complete rfid hdx. for the rfid front-end to operate, only one inductor is needed, to operate as an antenna. figure 1 shows the NCD1015M and the connections with t he external component. nu1 and nu2 pins are not used for the final application. typical value for inductor ?l? = 2. 41mh. it is important to consider that the inductor has a parasitic capacitance itself, which adds to the hf capacitor modifying the resonant frequency of the tank. figure 1: application diagram 4. functional overvi ew and description 4.1 power transfer power transfer to the tag is accomplished by radio frequency through coupling antennas in the transponder and the reader. the reader and transponder operate in a sequential mode with time-separated power and data transmission cycles. the rf operating fiel d supplies power at the beginning of the r equest from the reader to the hdx transponder. during the charge (or powering phase) of between 15 and typically 50 ms the reader generates an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 134.2 khz. the resonant circuit of the transponder is energized and the induced voltage is rectified by the integrated circuit to charge the capacitor c l . the transponder detects the end of the charge burst (eob) and transmits data using frequency shift keying (fsk), utilizing the energy stored in the capacitor c l . the charge phase is followed directly by the read phase. figure 2: charge and read phase - voltage at the reader?s exciter and transponder coil v dd hf nu2 nu1 gnd c l c r l
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M r00a preliminary 5 4.2 communication signal interface - tag to reader 4.2.1 frequency the tag shall be capable of communicating with the reader via an inductive coupling, whereby the power is switched off and the data are fsk modulated using the frequencies: ? f 0 = 134.2khz for the data ?low bit? encoding . . . . . (iso 11785 tolerance) ? f 1 = 124.2khz for the data ?high bit? encoding . . . . (iso 11785 tolerance) f 1 represents the frequency for a data bit '1' (t d1 =16/f 1 ) and f 0 for the data bit '0' (t d0 = 16/f 0 ). the low and high bits have different dur ation, because each bit takes 16 rf cycl es to transmit. the high bit has a typical duration of ~130 ? s, the low bit of ~120 ? s. figure 3 shows the fsk encoding principle used. figure 3: fsk transmission used during the read phase 4.2.2 transponder data rate and data coding the data coding is based on the nrz method, thus achieving an average data rate of ~8kbit/s based on an equal distribution of '0' and '1' data bits. 4.3 communication signal interface - reader to tag 4.3.1 modulation communication between reader and transponder takes place using ask modulation of the rf field with a modulation index of ~100%. the carrier frequency of the rf operating field is f c = 134.2 khz. 4.3.2 reader data rate and data coding the reader to transponder communication uses pulse interval coding (pic). the reader creates pulses by switching the carrier on and off as described below. the modulation i ndex of this amplitude modulation is 90% to 100%. the time between the falling edges of the pulses determines either the value of the data bit, "0" or "1", a code violation, or a stop (eof) condition. t 1 separates the single intervals. its duration is t 1 < 40 t c .
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M 6 preliminary r00a figure 4: reader to tag - pulse interval modulation and encoding the default pic threshold is configured for a medium data rate of 2.35 kbit/s, realized for example with a low bit period of t d0 = 350 ? s and a high bit period of t d1 = 500 ? s. the regenerated clock is available continuously during t 1 . 4.3.3 modulation communication between reader and transponder takes place using ask modulation of the rf field with a modulation index of ~100%. the carrier frequency of the rf operating field is f c = 134.2khz. figure 5: reader to tag - encoding of start of frame the end of frame (eof) condition of any reader request is defined as the rising edge of the rf field followed by an rf field activation time (t eoff ) longer than the maximum t d1 value (72 clock cycles). symbol fast data rate minimum nominal maximum t d0 42 t c 47 t c 52 t c t d1 62 t c 67 t c 72 t c t cvf / t cvs 175 t c 180 t c 185 t c t c = 1/f c 7.452? s tx on tx off data "0" tx on tx off data "1" tx on tx off code violation t cv t d1 t d0 t 1
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M r00a preliminary 7 figure 6: reader to tag - encoding of end of frame 4.4 write phase and the programming of data a new identification number can be programmed into t he transponder in the following manner: after the charge phase, the transponder enters the write mode provided that the reader starts to modulate the field by switching the transmitter on and off. writing means that the transponder shifts the received bits into an internal shift register. after the write phase the reader's transmitter is switched on for the eeprom programming time in order to energize the process of programming the shift register's data into the eeprom. each 32 data bits of a block are programmed simultaneously into the eeprom. figure 7: charge, write, and program - voltage at the reader and transponder antenna coil as illustrated in figure 7 the eeprom programming sequence consists of: ? charge phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .continuous reader (rf module) transmitter output signal ? write phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pulse interv al encoding of the reader's transmitter output signal ? programming phase . . . . . . . . . . .continuous rf transmitter output ? read phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fsk modulati on of the transponder's resonant circuit oscillation
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M 8 preliminary r00a 5. transmission protocol the transmission protocol defines the mechanism to exchange requests and data between the reader and the transponder. the reader always starts the transmission, and the transponder does not start transmitting its response until the reader's rf field is turned off. the different data exchanges that can happen between reader and transponder are summarized in the lines below: the requests that can be performed by the trans ponder built using the NCD1015M are as follows: charge-only read the content of page 1 is read without any specific page address by just charging (powering-up) the transponder for typically 50 ms.(iso 11785 compatibility mode). write block following the command and the block address, the lock bit(s) and the 32 data bits to be programmed with the associated 16 crc bits are sent to the transponder. the 32 data bits are written into the specified block simultaneously. transponder response starts after the rf field is turned off. note: it is possible to write a certain code in the management register in order to create a read-only access, and to disable further reprogramming of the transponder. note: after writing block 1 and block 2, it is recommended to send a charge only read command to verify successful writing. 5.1 data format definitions 5.1.1 reader command - request format a charge-read only request is generated by just charging the transponder: the demodulator starts working once the reader stops generating the electromagnetic field. it counts the number of cycles while the electromagnetic field is low, if that number t 1 is larger than 40 t c , the tag will respond to a charge-read only request. if the t 1 duration is not larger than 40 t c , the system has to wait for a reader request frame (rrf). the reader request frame format as sent by the reader is shown in figure 8. figure 8: reader request frame format ? charge phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .continuous reader (rf module) transmitter output signal ? write phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pulse interv al encoding of the reader's transmitter output signal ? programming phase . . . . . . . . . . .continuous rf transmitter output ? read phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fsk modulation of the transponder's resonant circuit oscillation the length of the frame varies with the different commands. sof com adr data crc eof -03478-lsb3940-lsb55-
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M r00a preliminary 9 the NCD1015M first evaluates the command byte which consists of an address fi eld in the msn (most significant nibble) and a 4-bit command code of the incoming rrf. all ot her bit combinations may be considered as illegal. the rrf normal mode command details are listed in the following table. 5.1.2 transponder - response data format any rfid answer is framed as shown in figure 9, and it has a fixed length of 112 bits. depending on the type of answer, the stop and post bits change. figure 9: tag response frame format all signals are coded [msb:lsb]. ? start - start byte [7:0] . . . . . . . . . . . = 7ehex ? data - data [63:0]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = data ? crc - dcrc [15:0]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = data crc ? stop - stop byte [7:0] . . . . . . . . . . . . = address + status - in all other cases, page status information ? post - post bits [15:0] . . . . . . . . . . . . = 0000hex stop byte content answering a cro the content of page 1 is sent during the response (iso 11785 compatibility mode). the stop byte information will be coded following the table shown below. address command description msb lsb write 0000 0010 write block 0 - management register 0001 0010 write block 1 - identification data / lsb 0010 0010 write block 2 - identification data / msb 0111 0010 write block 7 - configuration register write & lock 0000 1010 write & lock block 0 - management register 0001 1010 write & lock block 1 - identification data / lsb 0010 1010 write & lock block 2 - identification data / msb 0111 1010 write & lock block 7 - configuration register start data crc stop post 1 8 9 (lsb) 72 73 (lsb) 88 89 96 97 112 address status description msb lsb 0001 0010 block 1 (lsb) unlocked + block 2 (msb) unlocked 0001 1110 block 1 (lsb) locked + block 2 (msb) unlocked 0001 1010 block 1 (lsb) unlocked + block 2 (msb) locked 0111 1110 block 1 (lsb) locked + block 2 (msb) locked + bit16 iso11785=0 0001 1110 block 1 (lsb) locked + block 2 (msb) locked + bit16 iso11785=1
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M 10 preliminary r00a 5.2 crc-ccitt error checking the crc error checking circuitry generates a 16-bit crc to ensure the integrity of transmitted and received data packets. the reader and transponder use the crc-ccitt (consultative committee for international telegraph and telephone) for error detection. the 16-bit write frame bcc is generated by the transponder on reception of the complete write data stream to validate the correct data transmission. figure 10: schematic diagram of the 16-bit crc-ccitt generator the 16 bits cyclic redundancy code is calculated using the following pol ynomial with an initial value of 0000hex: p(x) = x 16 + x 12 + x 5 + x 0 the implemented version of the crc chec k has the following characteristics: ? reverse crc-ccitt 16 as described in iso/iec 13239 and used in iso/iec 11784/11785 ? the crc 16-bit shift register is initialized to all zeros at the beginning of a request ? the incoming data bits are xor-ed with the msb of the crc register, and are shifted into the register's lsb ? after all data bits have been processed, t he crc register contains the crc-16 code ? reversibility - the original data together with associated crc, when fed back into the same crc generator will regenerate the initial value (all zero's) 6. memory 6.1 memory block the memory is structured into 3 blocks of 32 bits each. the following table shows the memory organization. 6.1.1 blocks 1 and 2: identification data blocks 1 and 2 are used for the identification data as spec ified in iso/ iec 11784. these blocks are locked if the rfid is locked by the management register. if the rfid is locked, then the stored value can not be overwritten. 6.1.2 block 0: management register block 0, which is the management register, locks the rfid?s code, if the management key inside the management register is ?0110.? block address description 0 management register 1 identification data / lsb 2 identification data / msb p (x) = x0x1x2x3x4 x5x6x7x8x9x10x11 x12x13x14x15 msb data in lsb
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M r00a preliminary 11 management register the management register (mreg) contains information about the current state of the system. figure 11: management register (mreg) layout xx: undefined mgm key: management key [3:0] the contents of the management key are explained in the following table. normal mode in normal mode all the commands explained before are valid. all blocks locked writing the ?0110? value in the "management key" ("all blocks locked") inside mreg leads to the "all blocks locked? state. in this state the memory is protected against writing; this state is irreversible . xx mgm key 32 41 key value description msb lsb 0000 normal mode - by default 0110 all blocks locked
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M 12 preliminary r00a 7 manufacturing information 7.1 moisture sensitivity all plastic encapsulated semiconductor packages are susc eptible to moisture ingression. ixys integrated circuits division clas sified all of its plastic encapsulated devices for moisture sensitivity according to the latest version of the joint industry standard, ipc/jedec j-std-020 , in force at the time of product evaluation. we test all of our products to the maximum conditions set forth in the standard, and guarantee proper operation of our devices when handled according to the limitations and information in that standard as well as to any limitations set forth in the information or standards referenced below. failure to adhere to the warnings or limitations as establ ished by the listed specificati ons could result in reduced product performance, reduction of operable life, and/or reduction of overall reliability. this product carries a moisture sensitivity level (msl) rating as shown below, and should be handled according to the requirements of the latest version of the joint industry standard ipc/jedec j-std-033 . 7.2 esd sensitivity this product is esd sensitive , and should be handled according to the industry standard jesd-625 . 7.3 reflow profile this product has a maximum body temperature and time rating as shown below. all other guidelines of j-std-020 must be observed. 7.4 board wash ixys integrated circuits division recommends the use of no-clean flux formulations. however, board washing to remove flux residue is acceptable, and the use of a short drying bake may be necessary. chlorine-based or fluorine-based solvents or fluxes should not be used. clean ing methods that employ ultrasonic energy should not be used. device moisture sensitivity level (msl) rating NCD1015M msl tbd device maximum temperature x time NCD1015M tbd
i ntegrated c ircuits d ivision NCD1015M r00a preliminary 13 8. mechanical data 8.1 dimensions parameter limits unit min typ max width - 2.3 - mm length - 6.9 - mm height 1.1 - 1.3 mm specifications: ds-NCD1015M-r00a ? copyright 2016, ixys integrated circuits division all rights reserved. printed in usa. 5/13/2016 for additional information please visit www.ixysic.com ixys integrated circuits division makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the co ntents of this publication and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. neither circuit patent licenses nor indemnity ar e expressed or implied. except as set forth in ixys integrated circuits division?s standard terms and condit ions of sale, ixys integrated circuits division assumes no liability whatsoever, a nd disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to its products including, but not limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or infringem ent of any intellectual property right. the products described in this document are not designed, intended, authorized or warranted for use as components in systems in tended for surgical implant into the body, or in other applications intended to support or sustain life, or where malfunction of ixys integrated circuits division?s product may resul t in direct physical harm, injury, or death to a person or severe property or environmental damage. ixys integrated circuits divisi on reserves the right to discontinue or make changes to its pr oducts at any time without notice.

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